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Petrophysics

Scotia's petrophysicists provide formation evaluation services, either as single discipline studies or in combination with other services. Our studies typically involve the integration of routine core and SCAL-derived rock properties, with petrology and wireline log interpretations to fully characterize the mineralogy, rock properties, fluid distribution, and production capabilities of the reservoir. We have significant experience evaluating "hard to evaluate" low resistivity reservoirs. Scotia maintains its own proprietary petrophysical analysis software which includes both log (SLOG) and core (COREPRO) interpretation programs. SLOG has been designed to provide versatile interactive capabilities for conducting conventional open hole analysis, low permeability formation analysis, and cased hole interpretation. Data input capabilities include nine track tape reading, and digitizing using Neuralog's scan/trace neural network system. SLOG's capabilities include:

Databasing: Import of log curve and core data, creation of log header constants files.

Curve Editing: Curve depth shifting, borehole environmental corrections, curve normalizing, multi-element filtering.

Pre-Interpretation: Automatic and user defined cross-plots, and Z overlays, histogram and probability plots, regression analysis, lithology, porosity, clay distribution evaluation, Pickett plots, and so on.

Model Application: Sand-shale models, multi-mineral analysis, tight gas sand analysis incorporating Kukal iterative techniques for variable invasion and RW uncertainty, Vclay-based and CEC-based saturation equations, multi-zone analysis functions. User programming to add equations and algorithms.

Core Data: Import of irregular depth increment data, data interpolation and filtering, comparison with log porosities, development of porosity and permeability calibration transforms.

Summary Reports: CPI log format, a variety of tabular listings, and LAS digital output, rock property summaries by zone, pay count sensitivities to cutoff variation.

COREPRO is a versatile processing utility for both small and large volumes of routine core data. Core data can be combined into multi-well files or subdivided into discrete reservoir layers in preparation for grouping and averaging to describe the vertical and areal distribution of physical properties of the reservoir. COREPRO's capabilities include:

  • Arithmetic, geometric and harmonic averaging by layer
  • Vertical to horizontal permeability ratios
  • Dykstra-Parsons coefficient
  • Data filtering or moving averages
  • Permeability controlled porosity cut-offs
  • Application of transforms for:
  • Net overburden stress
  • Gas slippage (Klinkenberg)
  • Dry to brine saturated permeability
  • Specific to effective permeability
  • PDPK mini-permeameter and PSP-300 porosity processing
  • Heterogeneity indices (Hi) and reservoir quality indices (RQI) for flow unit identification
  • Cross-plotting, probability plots, histograms, automated and user defined plots
  • Cumulative porosity and permeability capacity plots
  • User-defined X, Y, and Z axes
  • Permeability blocking computations for recovery factor prediction
  • Interactive incorporation of production data to allow history matching and calculation of effective drainage area

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